Oil burning heater



Nov. 4, 1941.

F. -G. SUCHLAND 2,1,814 OIL BURNINGHEATER Filed May 31, 1938 2 sheets-sheet 1 INVENT R.

BY E Z ATTORNEY.

Nov. 4, 1941. sum- N I 2,261,814

'OIL BURNING HEATER Filed May 31, 19.38 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 V 0o 0 o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 00 a X- 5 =ooo o o o 0? 1N VENTOR.

' ATTORNEY.

Patented Nov. 4, 1941' UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE OIL BURNING HEATER Frederick G. Suchland, Quincy, Ill., assignor to The Quincy Stove Manufacturing Company, Quincy, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application May 31, 1938, Serial No. 210,853

18 Claims.

This invention relates in general to an oil burner of the pot type and has more particular reference to an improved burner chamber and the supply of air to obtain efiicient combustion.

An important object of the invention is in the provision of an improved burner in which combustion occurs in different zones, depending upon the fuel supplied and the heat developed. A further object of the invention is in supplying air to support combustion-for various degrees or amounts of heatv and to prevent theformation of soot or carbon, to eliminate clogging of the apparatus, and to produce a clear burning of the fuel at all stages of operation.

A still further object of the invention is in the provision of a burner which responds more quickly to changes in the supply of fuel, thereby eliminating the formation of soot or carbon and being more capable of accurate regulation to produce the heat desired.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention in which Fig. l is a side elevation with the burner in section, of a heater in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the burner taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the burner taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1; and

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are sectional views of the burner showing the heating effects produced at different stages of operation thereof in producing different heating effects.

In burners of the pot type it is dif icult to obtain efiicient combustion for low or intermediate stages of operation and also for the production changes in the supply of fuelwhich results in a further formation of soot or carbon when there is a change in the supply of fuel.

The present invention overcomes these objections by modifying the combustion chamber, by providing an inner shell, and by controlling the supply of primary and secondary air to an inner combustion chamber.

forth.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, this heater comprises a casing l0 having a flue pipe I l with an automatic draft regulator I2 therein. At the frontof the heater is a door l3 which may be opened for lighting the heater or observing it, and at the bottom arelegs I4 for supporting a base 15 at adistance from the fioor'so that air may pass through openings 16 therein to the inside of the casingsurrounding the burner proper.

This burner comprises a burner pot usually formed with a base or bottom I1 secured by brazing or welding to a cylindrical side wall I8..

The bottom is usualy dished or inclined toward the center thereof so that a fuel admission pipe I9 inserted through the wall or bottom will discharge fuel at the center; or at the side so that it will flow by gravity to the center.

Within the burner pot is a shell 20 of a size to fit loosely therein and with the outer wall 18 forming a space 2| entirely surrounding the shell which communicates the space at the center of the pot through a number of openings 22 at the bottom of the shell, the projections be supported. These openings and legs may be omitted entirely and the shell supported by the wall 18 of the burner pot by suitable arms or other projections inserted therebetween or any other suitable supporting means.

In the wall of the burner pot are a number of rows of perforations 24 and adjacent or near the top is a row of openings 25. In the shell are openings 26 corresponding to the perforations 24 in the Wall of the pot and the openings in the shell are preferably slightly larger in diameter than the perforations. The perforations 25 are preferably more numerous or larger for the admission of air around the top as hereafter set Within the shell 20 and suitably supported therein above one or more lower rows of openings 24 is a partition plate 21 having a centralaperture 28 which restricts the passage from the bottom of the pot to the upper portion of the shell. This partition is preferably inclined upwardly at the center to assist in directing the products of combustion centrally of the shell.'

At the top of the inner shell 20 and resting thereon is a plate 29 having a central aperture 30 and inclined upwardly at the center, the outer edge of the plate abutting the inner wall Of-the burner pot at a distance belowthe top thereof and below the upper openings 25 so that at the bottom with,

23 between the openings forming feet or legs upon which the shell may this plate closes the top of the chamber 2|. At the inner edge of the plate .29 and projecting upwardly therefrom are a number of vanes or projectors 3| extending at an angle to the center so that any flow of air through the openings 25 is given a whirling or mixing movement as it strikes the vanes 3|.

At the top of the burner pot is a cover plate 32 which overlaps the outer edge of the pot and engages or is otherwise supported at a distance from theinner wall of the casing In for spacing the burner pot therein. At the under side of the cover plate is a circular rib or projection 33 for seating and positioning the burner pot and at the center of the plate is an opening 34 located just above the projections 3| of the top plate so that the space between the cover plate and: the top plate 29 communicates through the openings 25 with the space outside of the burner pot for admitting air thereto above the top plate 29. v

In order to control the admission of air through the openings 25 an angular casing 35 is seated against the projecting portion of the cover plate 32 at its under side and fits against the outer wall of the burner pot below the openings 25. This casing has a number of openings 36 in the bottom which register with corresponding openings 31in a movable ring plate 38 supported in the bottom of the casing or closed thereby when the ring is moved out of register therewith.

The movement of the register plate 38 may be efiectedseparately and manually or it maybe automatically controlled by the admission of fuel to the burner pot as shown in Fig. 1. A valve 39 for controlling the admission of fuel through the pipe l9 may be provided with a projection 40 having an arm 4| extending upwardly through a slot 42 in the bottom of the casing 35 and engaging the register plate 38 so that upon the movement of the valve to a certain or predetermined extent, the register plate 38 is also moved to place its openings 31 opposite or in line with the openings 36 of the casing.

As the air for supporting combustion is admitted through openings IS in the bottom plate l it passes upwardly around the sides of the burner pot to the space 43 between it and the casing and in so doing the relatively cool air comes in contact with the heated bottom if a the burner is in operation. This tends to prevent a rapid change in heating the pot and when there is a low fire in the pot it tends to produce soot and carbon in the burner pot. An insulating cover .44 is therefore applied tothe bottom of the pot and may be supported by a central projection of the plate l5 or it may be atthe bottom of the pot and the pot it-.

tached t self with e .insulation'thereon may be supported by the plate.

In operation, oil enters the bottom of the pot in a liquid state, the pot is in a heated condition and quickly vaporizes the oil into a gas. The specific gravity of the gas is heavier than air and therefore tends to spread out over the entire bottom of the pot, passing through the openings in the shell to the circular space between the shells. Due to the action of the air being drawn in by the flue pull through the small holes 24 in the outer pot wall l8 which line up with the holes 26 in the inner shell an inspirating effect of the gases covering the bottom of the pot is produced. This draws the gases upwardly between the shells, thereby premixing the primary air with the vaporized oil gases which speeds up combustion and maintains a clean burning condition within the interior of the pot and within the shell 20.

Air for supporting combustion flows through the bottom of the casing to the chamber 43 surrounding the burner pot, depending upon the draft produced by the fuel in the pot. When a low heat is required a small amount of fuel is admitted through the valve 39 to the bottom of l the burner pot where, after being ignited, a gas is formed at the bottom of the pot which may pass into the mixing chamber 2| surrounding the shell 20 but combustion occurs below the partition 21, the flame passing upwardly through the central perforation or opening 28 in the plate as shown more clearly in Fig. 4. Thus primary air for supporting combustion is drawn inwardly through the bottom openings 26 in the pot and these pass through the mixing chamber 2| and through the larger openings 26'to the interior of the shell 20 below the plate. A small amount of r secondary air may be admitted through the openings in the pot and the shell above the partition 21 as also indicated in Fig. 4, but the flame and combustion is substantially limited and restricted by the plate to the bottom of the pot and the interior of the shell.

When a higher heat is desired more fuel is supplied and this causes a higher zone of combustion in the-pot and within the shell so that the place of combustion and the flame therefrom 1 arises or seems to flow inwardly from the upper openings 26 within the shell as shown more clearly in Fig. 5, the flames at this time flaring upwardly through the restricted top plate 29 with the tongues of clear flame flaring through and above the, cover plate 32 as shown.

When the highest heat is desired the opening of the control valve 39 places the slide 38 with its openings 3'1 in register with the openings 36 of the secondary air control casing 35 so that a condition as represented in Fig. 6 is produced, in which the combustion zone has risen to the top of the pot and the flames seem to flow from the top openings 26 of the inner shell 20 below the top plate 29. Primary air is thus supplied by all of the openings in the pot and in the inner shell and secondary air is admitted to aid and-support combustion through the top openings 25 and the space between the top plate 29 and the cover plate 32, the inward movement of the secondary air striking the deflectors 3| so that a whirling and mixing movement is given to the fire and .the flames thereof as they pass through and above the cover plate as represented in Fig. 6.

Thus distinct zones of combustion are produced and complete combustion is obtained by the thorough mixture of the air and fuel gases due to the inner shell within the firepot to the mixin chamber is produced, the openings within the shell, the partitions spaced with respect to the openings and to the control of the secondary air as herein set forth.

I claim:

1. An oil burning heater comprising 'a burner pot open at the top having fuel supply means at the bottom and perforations :in the .side wall, a shell within the pot to provide with the pot wall a space entirely around the shell but open at the bottom to admit gas from the center thereof and with openings in the shell in alignment with the perforations in the side wall of the pot to produce an aspirating effect.

2. In an oil burningheater, a burner pot open at the top having perforations in the sidewall,

produce an aspirating effect from within the casing through the chamber .to the inside of the I shell drawing gas from said chamber with it, a

tending inwardly therefrom but having a central opening, and perforations in the shell in alignment with the perforations in the side wall of the pot to produce an aspirating effect.

3. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot having perforations in the side wall, a shell within the pot having perforations in' alignment with those of the pot to produce an aspirating effect, providing a mixing space extending entirely around inside of the pot and open at the bottom to admit gas from the center of the pot, and a partition abov some openings and below others and extending inwardly from the shell only intermediate the top and bottom and having a central opening therein.

v4. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot open at the top having rows of perforations in the side wall, a shell spaced within the pot providing a mixing space extending entirely around it but open to admit gas from the center of the pot at the bottom of the shell and with openings along the shell in alignment with the perforations in the side wall of the pot to produce an aspirating effect, a partition intermediate the top and bottom of the shell and above and below some of the openings and having a central opening, a plate at the top of the shell engaging the inner wall of the pot and extending inwardly from the shell to form a restricted opening for the chamber within the shell, and means for varying the fuel supply to the bottom of the pot.

5. In an oil burning, heater, a burner pot having means for admitting a variable fuel supply at the bottom, a shell spaced within the pot to provide a mixing chamber open at the bottom to the center of the pot, the wall of the pot and the shell having aligned perforations to produce an aspirating effect arranged from top to bottom thereof for raising gas in the chamber and mixing it with air, a partition within the shell ex- ,7 tending from the wall thereof with shell perforations above and below it, the partition having a central opening and being inclined upwardly at the center, a plate extending inwardly-from the inner wall of the pot engaging the top of the shell and having a restricted opening at the center corresponding with the opening in the partition plate within the shell.

6. In an oil burning heater, a burnerpot having perforations in the side wall, a shell within the pot to form a mixing space surrounding the shell and communicating at the bottom with the central portion of the pot, the shell having openings aligned with the perforations in the pot wall to produce an aspirating effect and for raising gas in said space in accordance with the draft, means forming a restricted partition within the shell intermediate the top and bottom thereof, and at the top of the shell extending to the inner wall of the pot, means for supplying a variable supply of fuel to the bottom of the pot, and an insulating cover for the bottom of the pot to shield it from contact with cool air, thereby improving combustion at a low stage of heat.

7. In an oil burning heater, a burner potya casing surrounding but spaced from the wall by which the pot is supported, a shell within the pot spaced from the wall thereof to provide a chamber connected at the bottom with the center of the pot, the shell and the side wall of the pot having corresponding aligned perforations throughout their height from which air passes to partition intermediate the top and bottom of the shell, and a partition'at the top of the shell extending to the inner wall of the "pot having restricted central openings therein, means for supplying a variable quantity of fuel to the bottom of the pot some of which is drawn upwardly in gaseous form into said chamber for producing combustion at various stages within the shell, and means for insulating the bottom of the pot against the contact of cold air therewith which enters the casing at the bottom to supply the perforations in the side wall of the pot.

8. In an oil burning heater, a pot having variable fuel supply means at the bottom and rows of perforations along the side wall thereof, a shell within the pot providing a chamber communicating at thebottom with the center of the pot for receiving gases therefrom, and aligned perforations in the wall of the shell corresponding to the perforations in the pot to produce an aspirating effect a transverse partition within the shell positioned so that there are perforations in the wall of the shell above and below it, and with a central restricted opening in the partition, a plate at the top of the shell engaging theinner wall of the pot below openings in the side wall of the pot, the plate having a restricted central opening, and means engaging the top of the pot and extending inwardly above the plate but with a central opening, secondary air being admitted to the space between the top plate and said means through the openings in the top of the side wall of the burner pot.

9. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot, a shell within the pot, spaced from the side wall to provide a chamber communicating around the bottom with the center of the pot, the shell and the side wall of the pot having corresponding aligned perforations extending in rows around them to produce an aspirating effect by admitting a mixture of gas and air to the inside of the shell, a partition plate with a central opening within the shell near the bottom, a top plate with a central opening on top of the shell and extending to the inner wall of the pot, closing the top of said chamber, and a cover plate engaging the top of the pot and extending inwardly therefrom with a central opening, the space between the top plate and the cover platecommunicating with a row of perforations at the top of the side wall of the pot for introducing air directly to the center of the top of, the burner.

10. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot hav ing a perforated side wall, a perforated shell within the burner pot forming a chamber com municating at the bottom, with the center of the pot, a partition near the bottom of the shell with a central opening, a plate at the top of the shell extending to the inner wall of the pot closing the top of the chamber and with a central restricted opening, a cover plate for the top of the pot spaced from the top plate and having a central opening, means for supplying a variable amount of fuel to the bottom of the pot and chamber and drawing a primary supply of air through the perforations of the pot and shell to support combustion within the shell, and the openings at the top of the pot communicating with the space between the top and cover plates for supplying secondary air at the top of the shell.

11. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot having rows of openings in the side wall, a shell within the pot having corresponding rows of openings and being spaced from the pot wall to provide a chamber communicating with the center of the pot around the bottom thereof, a plate resting upon the top of the shell extending to the inner wall of the pot to close the top of thechamher but having openings in the pot wall above the plate, a cover on top of the pot wall above the plate forming a chamber communicating with the top openings of the pot wall, the center portions of the said plate and the cover plate having perforations less in diameter than the inner diameter of the shell, means for varying the inlet of primary air through the perforations of the pot and shell to support combustion within the shell, and the inner edge of the plate having deflectors extending upwardly for producing a whirling movement of secondary air admitted through the top openings of the pot and through the space below the cover plate to the combustion space at the central opening thereof.

12. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot having rows of openings at different elevations in the side wall, a shell spaced within the pot forming a mixing chamber communicating around the bottom with the center of the pot and having larger openings in its walls aligned with the openings of the pot to inject fuel into the shell by primary air, means for varying the supply of fuel in the pot and thereby varying the supply of primary air drawn through the lower openings of the pot and shell and for varying the zone of combustion within the shell, means forming a casing surrounding the top openings of the pot, and a movable register for admitting air to the casing and through the top openings in the side wall for adding a supply of secondary air at the top of the pot for aiding the combustion of the fuel within the pot.

13. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot having rows of openings in its side wall, a shell within the pot communicating at the bottom with the center of the pot and forming a mixing chamber for receiving air through the perforations of the pot and having corresponding openings for admitting the mixture within the shell, a plate extending to the side wall of the pot below some of the openings at the top thereof, and having a central restricting aperture, a cover plate at the top of the pot forming a chamber between it and the top plate communicating through said top openings with the outside of the pot, a casing at the outside of the pot covering the openings and having controllable means for varying the supply of air through said top openings of the pot, and valve means for varying the supply of fuel in the pot and thereby varying the zone of combustion within the pot, said means including a connection with said controllable means for varying the admission of air through said casing as the valve supply means varies the zone of combustion within the burner pot.

14. In an oil burning heater, a burner pot having rows of openings in its side walls, a perforated shell within the pot forming a mixing chamber communicating with the center of the pot at the bottom thereof, a centrally apertured partition extending inwardly from the wall of the shell with openings thereof above and below the edge of the partition, a centrally apertured plate at the top of the shell extending to the wall of the pot closing the top of the chamber below some of the openings at the top of the pot, a cover plate having a central aperture and extending inwardly from the top of the pot to form an air inlet space between it and the plate communicating with the top openings of the burner pot, means for varying the supply of fuel in the pot and thereby varying the supply of primary air drawn through the openings below the top of the shell, and means for varying the supply of secondary air drawn through the top openings of the pot in accordance with the operation of said fuel supply means for varying combustion within the pot.

15. An oil burning heater comprising an open top burner pot having fuel supply means at the bottom, a shell within the pot spaced from the side wall to provide a circular mixing chamber within the pot, the lower end of the shell being open to admit gas from the center of the pot to the ,bottom of the space, and means comprising aligned openings in the pot and shell to cause an injection of the gas from said space within the shell for combustion.

16. An oil burning heater comprising an open top burner pot having fuel supply means at the bottom, a shell within the pot spaced from the side wall to provide a circular mixing chamber within the pot, the lower end of the shell having openings to admit gas from the center of the pot to the bottom of the space, and related means in said pot wall and shell for causing gas to rise in the mixing chamber, to mix with air therein and to be injected into a combustion space within the shell.

1'7. An oil burning heater comprising an open top burner pot having fuel supply means at the bottom, a shell within the pot spaced from the side wall to provide a circular mixing chamber within the pot, the lower end of the shell having penings to admit gas from the center of the pot to the bottom of the space, the outer wall and the shell being provided with corresponding aligned openings and those in the shell being larger than those in the wall, to admit air from the outside into the mixing chamber and to draw gas up into the chamber and inject it with the shell for combustion, depending upon the draft produced by the combustion.

18. In a pot type burner, a pot open at the top 

